Quick Answer
An AIO (all-in-one) combines the flight controller and ESC on a single PCB, which saves weight and simplifies wiring. A stack uses separate FC and ESC boards connected together, giving you more flexibility, easier repairs, and better thermal management. For most 5-inch builds, a stack is the safer long-term choice. For micro quads and lightweight builds, an AIO makes more sense.
What is an AIO
AIO boards pack the FC processor, gyro, OSD, voltage regulation, and ESC MOSFETs onto one board. This means fewer solder joints, less wiring, and a smaller overall footprint. Assembly is faster because you just mount one board instead of two.
AIO boards are common in lightweight freestyle and park builds. They are also good for first projects because assembly is straightforward. The TBS Lucid Wing AIO is a compact 2-6S option that keeps wiring simple. For very small builds, the HGLRC Specter 15A AIO keeps the electronics package clean and compact on a 20mm board.
What is a Stack
A stack separates the flight controller and ESC into individual boards. They connect via pins or a cable, with the FC usually sitting on top and the ESC below. The ESC has its own heatsink area, and the FC is easier to replace if it fails.
The GOKU H743 PRO 55A 30x30 Stack pairs an H7 FC with a 55A ESC and plug-and-play HD video support. For 20mm frames, the GOKU H743 PRO Mini 45A brings the same approach to smaller builds.
Comparison
| Factor | AIO | Stack |
|---|---|---|
| Weight | Lighter | Slightly heavier |
| Wiring complexity | Simpler | More connections |
| Thermal management | Harder to cool | Separate heatsinks |
| Repair if ESC fails | Replace whole board | Replace just ESC |
| Repair if FC fails | Replace whole board | Replace just FC |
| Component choices | Fixed pairing | Mix and match |
| Best for | Micro, whoop, lightweight | 5-inch and larger builds |
When to Choose AIO
AIO makes sense when weight is critical and power draw is moderate. Micro quads (under 3-inch) and whoops benefit most because the compact size and reduced wiring offset the repair downsides. AIO is also a reasonable pick for a first build if you want the simplest assembly possible.
When to Choose Stack
Stacks suit 5-inch and larger quads where ESC heat, current draw, and repair flexibility matter more than shaving a gram. If you run 6S or aggressive setups, the separate thermal paths of a stack are a real advantage. Stacks also let you upgrade the FC or ESC independently when you want to try something new.
What to Buy
- TBS Lucid Wing AIO for compact 2-6S freestyle or lightweight builds
- GOKU H743 PRO 55A Stack for 30mm builds needing H7 power and modular upgrades
- GOKU H743 PRO Mini 45A for smaller 20mm frames wanting stack flexibility
FAQ
Q: Can I switch from AIO to stack later?
A: Yes, but it means rewiring and buying a new ESC. Plan ahead if you think your build might outgrow an AIO.
Q: Do AIOs overheat?
A: They can under sustained load at higher cell counts. On 2-4S with moderate amp draw, most AIOs are fine. On 6S with aggressive flying, a stack handles heat better.
Q: Are stacks harder to build?
A: Slightly. You have an extra board to mount and a few more connections to solder. But the process is still straightforward once you have done it once.